Internal combustion engine

ABSTRACT

A rotary internal combustion engine that has a housing, main rotors with an external cylindrical surface with rigidly fixed gear wheels and blades in the form of gear ledges (protrusions), as well as additional rotors with an external cylindrical surface with rigidly fixed gear wheels and recesses corresponding to the size of the blades on the main rotors. Additionally, the engine includes a unit for preparing and igniting the working mixture and a unit for discharging exhaust gases. Moreover, the circumference values of the main and additional rotors do not match, and are multiples of the length L1 between the nearest points of tangency (physical contact) of the center of the surface of the gear ledge with the housing.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This nonprovisional application is a continuation of InternationalApplication No. PCT/RU2019/000148, which was filed on Mar. 7, 2019, andwhich claims priority to Russian Patent Application No. 2018108859,which was filed in Russia on Mar. 13, 2018, and which are both hereinincorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The inventive utility model relates to mechanical engineering, morespecifically to internal combustion engines, designed to convert thermalenergy into mechanical work, and more specifically to rotary engines.

Description of the Background Art

A rotary internal combustion engine with radial blades is known (U.S.Pat. No. 6,003,486 published 21 Dec. 1999), which engine comprises ahousing with at least one section of the cylindrical inner surface, themain rotor with at least one section of the cylindrical external surfaceand at least one blade protruding above the cylindrical surface, atleast one additional rotor, a system for preparing and igniting theworking mixture, and a system for discharging exhaust gases.

A disadvantage of the known engine is its low operational efficiency.

The closest analogue to the claimed engine is an internal combustionengine (Patent RU 134243 published 10 Nov. 2013) comprising a housingwith at least one section of a cylindrical inner surface, the main rotorwith at least one section of a cylindrical external surface and at leastone blade protruding above the cylindrical surface, at least oneadditional rotor, a system for preparing and igniting the workingmixture, and a system for discharging exhaust gases. The additionalrotor comprises at least one section of the cylindrical externalsurface, the diameter of which section is equal to the diameter of thesection of the cylindrical external surface of the main rotor, andcontains at least one recess with size corresponding to the size of theblade on the main rotor.

In connection with the design limitations of the analogue, due torestrictions in the ratio of the diameters of the rotors of the engine,another disadvantage of the known prototype is the low operationalefficiency.

The purpose of the claimed utility model is to eliminate the identifieddisadvantage in order to achieve such a technical result as increasingthe operational efficiency of the internal combustion engine.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This goal is achieved as follows: an internal combustion enginecomprising a housing, main rotors with an external cylindrical surfacewith rigidly fixed gear wheels and blades in the form of gear ledges,additional rotors with an external cylindrical surface with rigidlyfixed gear wheels and recesses corresponding to the size of the bladeson the main rotors; a unit for preparing and igniting the workingmixture, a unit for discharging exhaust gases, while the circumferencevalues of the main and additional rotors do not match and are multiplesof the length L₁ between the nearest points of tangency of the center ofthe surface of the gear ledge with the housing, wherein the number ofblades in the form of gear ledge N corresponds to the formula L₂/L₁=N,and the ratio of the number of teeth of the rigidly fixed gear wheels ofthe rotors is calculated by the formula z₂/z₁=N, where L₂ is thecircumference of the main rotor, z₂ is the number of teeth of the gearwheel of the main rotor, z₁ is the number of teeth of the gear wheel ofthe main rotor that fit on the length L₁.

The internal combustion engine can in particular be characterized inthat the number of additional rotors does not exceed the number of gearledges.

The internal combustion engine in particular may be characterized inthat the main rotor, which comprises external cylindrical surface,rigidly fixed gear wheel, and the blade in the form of gear ledge, ismade as a monolithic element.

The internal combustion engine in particular may be characterized inthat the additional rotor, which comprises an external cylindricalsurface, rigidly fixed gear, and a recess corresponding to the size ofthe blade on the main rotor, is made as a monolithic element.

The internal combustion engine in particular can be characterized inthat the additional rotors are arranged uniformly around thecircumference of the main rotor, at intervals s calculated by theformula s=360/N.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of the provided engine (horizontalsection is a top view), FIG. 2 shows section A-A (front view), FIG. 3shows section B-B (back view), FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show an example ofpossible schemes of the provided engine for the number of rotary pistonsother than one (in these examples, for n=2 and n=4, the section is afront view), FIG. 6 shows a general view of the engine in 3D projection,where the numbers indicate the following:

-   -   1. housing.    -   2. main rotor.    -   3. additional rotor.    -   4. section with the external cylindrical surface of the main        rotor.    -   5. section with the external cylindrical surface of the        additional rotor.    -   6. intake valve through which the combustible mixture is        injected.    -   7. spark plug.    -   8. outlet through which exhaust gases freely exit.    -   9. blade in the form of gear ledge on the external surface of        the main rotor of the engine.    -   10. recess on the external surface of the additional rotor,        which recess may comprise a through hole connecting the working        cavity with the environment.    -   11. gear wheel rigidly fixed to the additional rotor.    -   12. gear wheel rigidly fixed to the main rotor.    -   13. hole connecting the working cavity with the environment.    -   14. length L1.    -   15. circumference L2.    -   16. the environment.    -   17. circumference of the additional rotor.    -   18. gear teeth z1.    -   19. total gear teeth z2.    -   20. working cavity.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The internal combustion engine represented in the figures is arranged asfollows.

Housing 1 is a part with cylindrical bores under the main 2 andadditional 3 rotors located with a gap. On the external cylindricalsurface 4 of the main rotor, there is a blade in the form of gear ledge9, which is in contact with the inner surface of the bore of the housing1. On the external cylindrical surface 5 of the additional rotor, thereis a recess 10 that provides free synchronous passage of the ledge 9 ofthe rotor 2, while maintaining tight contact of the rotors along theirexternal circumference for the formation of the working chamber of theengine. An intake valve through which the combustible mixture 6 isinjected and the spark plug 7, which ignites the mixture, are located onthe housing 1. The exhaust gases exit through the outlet 8. The rotationmovement from the main rotor to the additional one is transmitted usinggears 11 and 12 that are rigidly fixed to the rotors. The diameter ofthe gear wheel of the main rotor 12 corresponds to the diameter of thesection with the external cylindrical surface of the main rotor 4, andthe diameter of the gear wheel rigidly fixed to the additional rotor 11corresponds to the diameter of the section with the external cylindricalsurface of the additional rotor 5.

The internal combustion engine represented in the figures operates asfollows.

When the blade 9 is moving, from the moment of its passing the recess 10to the location of the intake valve 6, air is sucked (or pumped from thecompressor) into the working cavity 20 through the hole 13 in theadditional rotor. The moment of passage by the blade 9 of the intakevalve 6 coincides with the moment of closing of the recess 10 duringrotation of the section with the cylindrical external surface of theadditional rotor 5, which acts as a disk shutter. With further movementof the blade, the combustible mixture is injected into the workingcavity 20 through the intake valve 6, which mixture is ignited when theblade 7 passes the spark plug, while the expanding gas acting on theblade 9 generates a torque effect on the main rotor 2. The rotary pistonmoving in the direction of the outlet 8 displaces the exhaust gasesformed by the previous combustion of the combustible mixture through theoutlet 8.

In order to increase the efficiency of the engine operation, an increasein torque effect is achieved, due to increasing the compression ratio,by means of reducing the volume of the combustion chamber, since greatercompression is easier to achieve due to the small volume. In the claimedengine, this problem can be solved, for example, by dividing the workingchamber of the engine into equal sectors, by arranging blades in theform of gear ledge on the main rotor, equidistant from each other atintervals L₁ 14. At the same time, N gear ledges fit along the entirecircumference of the main rotor L₂ 15. Since the rotor comprises arigidly fixed gear wheel, the number N for the gear will correspond tothe ratio of the total number of gear teeth z₂ 19 to the number of gearteeth z₁ 18 per gap L₁ 14. At the same time, the teeth of theinteracting gears of the main and additional rotor correspond optimallyto each other. Thus, it is possible to create engines of anyconfiguration with optimally selected volumes of combustion chambers,which increases the overall efficiency of the engine operation. Inaddition, the geometric dimensions of the elements of the desired enginecan be reduced, which, while maintaining the specified parameters interms of power, allows to create more compact mechanisms. Since therotation force of the main rotor, resulting from the combustion of fuel,transfers part of the energy to provide the rotation of additionalrotors, that ensure the operating capacity of the engine. That, in somecases, design will be appropriate, such as, for example, presented inFIG. 5. A decrease in the mass of the additional rotor will cause anincrease in the operational efficiency of the engine, due to theapplication of lower forces for its rotation.

Furthermore, the claimed ratios will be valid for additional rotors, andthe number of recesses of the additional rotor will be determined as theratio of the circumference value 15 to the length of the circular arc 14between the nearest points of tangency of the center of the surface ofthe gear ledge with the housing. And the ratio of the number of teeth ofthe rigidly fixed gear wheels of the additional rotors will bedetermined as the total number of gear wheel teeth to the number of gearwheel teeth fit on the length of the circular arc 14 between the nearestpoints of tangency of the center of the surface of the gear ledge withthe housing.

Furthermore, the presented internal combustion engine may be configured,for example, to the case of the location of several main rotors aroundan additional one, while the radii of the main rotors are less than theradius of the additional one. In this case, all the dependenciespresented in the claims remain valid.

In order to increase the operational efficiency of the engine, ratios ofthe circumference values of the main and additional rotors do not match.Thus, it is possible to create an engine design in which the number ofadditional rotors will be equal to the number of gear ledges, andwherein additional rotor will comprise, for example, one recess. Byreducing the circumference 17 of the additional rotor, both overcomingof the friction force of the rotor against the cylinder of the housingand the force moment that the main rotor must transmit to rotate theadditional rotor are reduced, which undoubtedly increases the efficiencyof the engine operation. In addition, with various circumference ratios,the “ledge-recess” combination works effectively, since all the elementsbecome simultaneously involved.

In addition, in order to reduce the number of interacting elements, themain rotor, which comprises an external cylindrical surface, rigidlyfixed gear wheel, and a blade in the form of gear ledge, can be made asa monolithic element, for example, by printing on a 3D printer.Moreover, an additional rotor, which comprises an external cylindricalsurface, rigidly fixed gear wheel, and a recess corresponding to thesize of the blade on the main rotor, can be made as a monolithicelement.

Thus, the configuration of the rotary internal combustion engine usingrotors with different circumference values of the working surfaces,allows to achieve the claimed technical result, namely, increasing theoperational efficiency.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The inventive internal combustion engine can be successfully used inmodern automotive transport or for the manufacture of gasoline electricgenerators. It is made at the enterprises of the automotive industry orother facilities of the machine-building industry.

What is claimed is:
 1. An internal combustion engine comprising: ahousing; a main rotor with an external cylindrical surface with bladesin a form of gear ledges; additional rotors with an external cylindricalsurface with recesses corresponding to a size of the blades on the mainrotor; a spark plug for igniting a combustible mixture being suppliedvia an intake valve; and an outlet for discharging exhaust gases;wherein circumference values of the main rotor and each of theadditional rotors do not match and are multiples of a length L₁, betweennearest points of tangency of a center of a surface of each of the gearledges with the housing; wherein a number of the blades in a form of thegear ledges N corresponds to a formula L2/L1=N, where L2 is acircumference of the main rotor; and wherein a through hole is made ineach of the recesses of said each of the additional rotors; wherein thethrough hole connects a working cavity with an environment; and whereinsaid each of the recesses of said each of the additional rotors isclosed during each of the blades passing the intake valve.